Can PPPs offer a solution to the mounting challenges to fund transportation in the United States? Yes, but PPPs are only a solution, not the solution. Pushing the approach too far will harm the ability of PPPs to fill their intended niche.
Nonetheless, failing to consider the use of PPPs is like a mechanic throwing out the 3/4-inch wrench from the toolbox, declaring it unnecessary without considering future needs. The seven PPP rules and three actions presented here can ensure appropriate and beneficial use of PPPs to aid in solving U.S. infrastructure challenges.