Limitations of the Study 

The study was specifically focused on the water utility industry. Attempts to apply generalizations to other industrial sectors will be limited by the degree of interaction between the public and private sector within each industry in areas such as unique capabilities, available financing, and timing issues. For example, a municipality with a publicly recognized need for a sports stadium may immediately realize an internal lack of competence and make no attempt to complete the project with their own management personnel, opting to aggressively search for a private sector partner that has experience in development and construction of sports stadiums. A highly attractive private partner would be one offering ready capital at competitive rates plus a reputation for completing complex construction programs. Likewise, many high capacity transportation projects have significant front-end capital requirements that motivate governments to invite private sector competition as an initial option in an attempt to complete a project at the lowest cost of capital, with a minimum impact on local credit ratings, or both. Therefore, high capital, one-of-a-kind projects lend themselves to a different set of business dynamics than most water utilities by maximizing the obvious benefits of a private partner in specific situations due to a requirement for special expertise or financial capabilities generally found only within the private sector.