iii.  Risk Transfer

Transfer of risk to the private sector is one of the key goals of PPPs. Nevertheless, it must be recognized that the private sector will not contribute to a project that shifts unreasonable risks to the private partner. While private partners will typically assume final design, construction, financing, operations, and maintenance risks, and to varying degrees geotechnical and utility relocation risks, they generally have a lower tolerance for certain regulatory risks, such as environmental clearance and permitting, as well as right-of-way acquisition, which can generally be better managed by the public sector.