An alternative approach to fixed pipe EfW with CHP is to process MSW in intermediate technologies like mechanical biological treatment (MBT) or autoclaves whose SRF residues can then be sent to a fuel user. This solution is sometimes referred to as the "fuel producer/fuel user" model where the fuel user can be a private or public sector entity geographically remote from the fuel producer.
The fuel producer/fuel user model can enhance the prospects of a CHP outcome by providing a fuel to enable existing heat networks to convert from fossil fuel (largely gas) firing to SRF firing through: (i) conversion of an existing CHP plant; (ii) expansion of an existing installation; or (iii) supplying SRF to a cement kiln. While the last of these may not produce CHP it could provide useful fossil fuel substitution and carbon emission benefits.
The model highlighted above could also use unprocessed waste although industrial and commercial users may prefer SRF either as a consequence of how untreated waste is perceived or because of practical, technical issues related to a refined fuel's energy efficiency and compatibility with storage and transportation conditions on industrial sites.
Other benefits a company could derive from converting to SRF firing are:
● security of fuel supply as it is an indigenous fuel source;
● creating fuel price certainty through long term contracts;
● diversifying fuel sources (multi-fuelling);
● the gate fee for disposing of SRF; and
● Carbon Reduction Commitment electricity credits (where ROCs are not claimed).