Exhibit 13 shows the distribution of PPP road projects by contract type on a regional basis. The following summarizes the information contained in Exhibit 13:
• Most of the projects in Europe are Concession and BOT/BTO contracts. Project costs average about $690 million in Europe.
• Most of the projects in Asia & Far East are Concession and BOT/BTO contracts, including several Joint Development Agreement (JDA) projects and Asset Sale projects. Project costs average about $675 million in Asia & Far East.
• Most of the projects in Latin America & Caribbean are Concession and BOT/BTO contracts, with project costs averaging about $255 million.
• Most of the projects in North America are Concession contracts (particularly in Mexico which include several Asset Sale projects) and DB contracts (particularly in the U.S.). DMOB projects have the largest average contract value in North America. Overall, project costs average about $435 million in North America.
• Few projects are in Africa & Middle East, mostly BOT/BTO and DBFO contracts. Project costs average $400 million in Africa & Middle East.
• On a worldwide basis, PPP projects in the road category use a variety of contract types, with projects averaging about $540 million. The exception to this is Management Contract, whose average cost is less than $130 million.
• In the U.S., the predominant PPP contract types have been DB and Management Contract. In addition, there are selected road projects using BOO, BOT/BTO, DBOM, DBFO, or Joint Development Agreement contracts, which reflects the growing interest in using various forms of PPPs to expedite projects in the U.S.
As noted above, the predominant contracting approach is Concession for each region except Africa & Middle East. The next most prominent contracting approach is BOT/BTO for each region except North America. In North America, the second most prominent contracting approach is DB in terms of number and DBOM in terms of cost (reflecting the increased scope of DBOM versus DB projects. Both of these contracting approaches are closer to the traditional DBB model of project delivery than the BOT/BTO approaches used overseas. This may portent the future direction of highway infrastructure delivery and PPPs.
The largest highway projects in North America use the DBOM contracting approach, with DB second in average cost. In contrast, the largest PPP highway projects in Europe and Asia use the DB contracting approach due to the complexity and huge size of these projects. This is based on a small group (only four projects) of very large projects in each region. Among the more frequently used contracting approaches, the largest European and Asian highway projects involve Concession and BOT/BTO contracts.
Figure 13 - Reginol Road Projects Planned or Completed since 1985 by Contract Type*
| Region | Contract Type | Number | Percent | $ Billion | Percent | $B/Project |
| Africa & Middle | ||||||
| East | Concession | 1 | 8% | $0.0 | 1% | $0.039 |
| 3 | 25% | $1.6 | 33% | $0.527 | ||
| 2 | 17% | $1.5 | 32% | $0.761 | ||
| 5 | 42% | $1.5 | 31% | $0.301 | ||
| 1 | 8% | $0.2 | 3% | $0.150 | ||
| 0 | 0% | $0.0 | 0% | N/A | ||
| Mgt Contract | 0 | 0% | $0.0 | 0% | N/A | |
| Subtotal | 12 | 100% | $4.8 | 100% | $0.400 | |
| Asia & Far East | Concession | 49 | 40% | $21.8 | 26% | $0.444 |
| 5 | 4% | $9.8 | 12% | $1.956 | ||
| 2 | 2% | $0.2 | 0% | $0.078 | ||
| 61 | 50% | $34.9 | 42% | $0.572 | ||
| 1 | 1% | $0.1 | 0% | $0.143 | ||
| 4 | 3% | $15.8 | 19% | $3.946 | ||
| Mgt Contract | 0 | 0% | $0.0 | 0% | N/A | |
| Subtotal | 122 | 100% | $82.5 | 100% | $0.677 | |
| Europe | Concession | 69 | 34% | $61.7 | 45% | $0.894 |
| 45 | 22% | $18.3 | 13% | $0.407 | ||
| 26 | 13% | $14.6 | 11% | $0.563 | ||
| 53 | 26% | $31.4 | 23% | $0.592 | ||
| 1 | 0% | $0.9 | 1% | $0.936 | ||
| 4 | 2% | $10.6 | 8% | $2.648 | ||
| Mgt Contract | 3 | 1% | $0.9 | 1% | $0.312 | |
| Subtotal | 201 | 100% | $138.4 | 100% | $0.689 | |
| Latin America & | ||||||
| Caribbean | Concession | 45 | 44% | $11.6 | 44% | $0.257 |
| 3 | 3% | $0.7 | 3% | $0.234 | ||
| 5 | 5% | $1.7 | 7% | $0.346 | ||
| 50 | 49% | $12.4 | 47% | $0.248 | ||
| 0 | 0% | $0.0 | 0% | N/A | ||
| 0 | 0% | $0.0 | 0% | N/A | ||
| Mgt Contract | 0 | 0% | $0.0 | 0% | N/A | |
| Subtotal | 103 | 100% | $26.4 | 100% | $0.256 | |
| North America | Concession | 81 | 50% | $29.1 | 41% | $0.359 |
| 5 | 3% | $1.1 | 2% | $0.228 | ||
| 14 | 9% | $17.6 | 25% | $1.259 | ||
| 14 | 9% | $4.3 | 6% | $0.305 | ||
| 5 | 3% | $0.7 | 1% | $0.137 | ||
| 33 | 20% | $16.8 | 24% | $0.510 | ||
| Mgt Contract | 9 | 6% | $0.6 | 1% | $0.066 | |
| Subtotal | 161 | 100% | $70.2 | 100% | $0.436 | |
| Worldwide | Concession | 245 | 41% | $124.2 | 39% | $0.507 |
| 61 | 10% | $31.5 | 10% | $0.516 | ||
| 49 | 8% | $35.7 | 11% | $0.728 | ||
| 183 | 31% | $84.4 | 26% | $0.461 | ||
| 8 | 1% | $1.9 | 1% | $0.239 | ||
| 41 | 7% | $43.2 | 13% | $1.054 | ||
| Mgt Contract | 12 | 2% | $1.5 | 0% | $0.127 | |
| Total | 599 | 100% | $322.4 | 100% | $0.538 |
N/A - none available
* Omits projects included in PWF database that lack sufficient information to determine cost