Exhibit 16 shows the distribution of toll bridge projects by contract type on a regional basis. According to this data, the following insights are noted for toll bridge projects involving PPP arrangements:
• Toll bridge projects involving PPP arrangements for financing or delivery are found in all regions, with the largest number and costs in Asia & Far East, Europe, and North America.
• Most of the toll bridge projects in Asia & Far East are located in China and South Korea. These are mostly Concession and BOT/BTO contracts averaging 30 years in duration. There are several Joint Development Agreement (JDA) projects and Asset Sale projects in China. Project costs average about $395 million in Asia & Far East.
• Most of the toll bridge projects in Europe are located in U.K., Germany, and Ireland. These are mostly BOT/BTO contracts averaging 30 years in duration. Project costs average about $745 million in Europe.
• There are several toll bridge projects in Latin America & Caribbean, mostly located in Brazil and Argentina. These are BOT/BTO contracts averaging 30 years in duration. Project costs average about $230 million in Latin America &
Caribbean.
• Toll bridge projects in North America are located in the U.S. and Canada. These include Concession, BOT/BTO, and DB contracts with durations ranging from 25 to 99 years. Several smaller BOO projects in the U.S. involve unending franchises granted to the private sector developer under state law. Project costs average about $350 million in North America.
• Few toll bridge projects are in Africa & Middle East, involving BOT/BTO and BOO contracts of 30-year average duration. Project costs average $125 million in Africa & Middle East.
Exhibit 16 - Toll Bridge Projects Planned or Completed since 1985 by Region and Contract Type*
| Region | Contract Type | Number | Percent | $ Billion | Percent | $B/Project |
| Africa & Middle | ||||||
| East | Concession | 0 | 0% | $0.0 | 0% | N/A |
| 0 | 0% | $0.0 | 0% | N/A | ||
| 0 | 0% | $0.0 | 0% | N/A/ | ||
| 1 | 50% | $0.1 | 40% | $0.100 | ||
| 1 | 50% | $0.2 | 60% | $0.150 | ||
| 0 | 0% | $0.0 | 0% | N/A | ||
| Mgt Contract | 0 | 0% | $0.0 | 0% | N/A | |
| Subtotal | 2 | 100% | $0.3 | 100% | $0.125 | |
| Asia & Far East | Concession | 18 | 62% | $5.4 | 47% | $0.300 |
| China | 2 | 7% | $1.8 | 15% | $0.879 | |
| So Korea | 0 | 0% | $0.0 | 0% | N/A | |
| 8 | 28% | $3.4 | 30% | $0.425 | ||
| 0 | 0% | $0.0 | 0% | N/A | ||
| 1 | 3% | $0.9 | 8% | $0.930 | ||
| Mgt Contract | 0 | 0% | $0.0 | 0% | N/A | |
| Subtotal | 29 | 100% | $11.5 | 100% | $0.396 | |
| Europe | Concession | 4 | 20% | $1.1 | 7% | $0.280 |
| UK | 5 | 25% | $2.1 | 14% | $0.423 | |
| Germany | 0 | 0% | $0.0 | 0% | N/A | |
| Ireland | 9 | 45% | $4.2 | 28% | $0.468 | |
| 0 | 0% | $0.0 | 0% | N/A | ||
| 2 | 10% | $7.5 | 50% | $3.745 | ||
| Mgt Contract | 0 | 0% | $0.0 | 0% | N/A | |
| Subtotal | 20 | 100% | $14.9 | 100% | $0.747 | |
| Latin America & | ||||||
| Caribbean | Concession | 0 | 0% | $0.0 | 0% | N/A |
| Argentina | 0 | 0% | $0.0 | 0% | N/A | |
| Brazil | 0 | 0% | $0.0 | 0% | N/A | |
| 6 | 100% | $1.4 | 100% | $0.228 | ||
| 0 | 0% | $0.0 | 0% | N/A | ||
| 0 | 0% | $0.0 | 0% | N/A | ||
| Mgt Contract | 0 | 0% | $0.0 | 0% | N/A | |
| Subtotal | 6 | 100% | $1.4 | 100% | $0.228 | |
| North America | Concession | 2 | 17% | $1.8 | 43% | $0.912 |
| US | 0 | 0% | $0.0 | 0% | N/A | |
| Canada | 0 | 0% | $0.0 | 0% | N/A | |
| 4 | 33% | $0.9 | 22% | $0.236 | ||
| 4 | 33% | $0.1 | 2% | $0.021 | ||
| 2 | 17% | $1.4 | 32% | $0.680 | ||
| Mgt Contract | 0 | 0% | $0.0 | 0% | N/A | |
| Subtotal | 12 | 100% | $4.2 | 100% | $0.351 | |
| Total | Concession | 24 | 35% | $8.3 | 26% | $0.347 |
| 7 | 10% | $3.9 | 12% | $0.553 | ||
| 0 | 0% | $0.0 | 0% | N.A | ||
| 28 | 41% | $10.0 | 31% | $0.358 | ||
| 5 | 7% | $0.2 | 1% | $0.047 | ||
| 5 | 7% | $9.8 | 30% | $1.956 | ||
| Mgt Contract Total | 0 69 | 0% 100% | $0.0 $32.2 | 0% 100% | N/A $0.467 |
N/A - none available Omits projects included in PWF database that lack sufficient information to determine cost