Supporting institutional approaches

  Establishing national and local consultative bodies on pro-poor PPPs appears to assist in creating enabling conditions - but avoid 'talk shops'. External guidance and support can assist to facilitate the process of establishing such bodies

  When setting up institutions (national, local) to support pro-poor PPPs practitioners must avoid the danger of the initiative being dominated (in practice, or perception) by one partner

  Nationally, having a national consultative / coordinating body (involving government, business, local government, others) on local PPP can help encourage sensible policy change and create a more facilitative environment

  Dedicated 'independent' PPP bodies to promote and support local PPPs in which all partners make real resource contributions appears to be a strong approach

  Institutional linkages must be considered vertically (between local and national level) and horizontally (between stakeholder groups)

  Consider also institutional coordination between national ministries on local PPP issues - many are involved through their sectoral responsibilities