The project was well targeted on poorer communities in Penang, and the issue of solid waste management is a clear priority for these communities. The project was able to demonstrate that waste collection can be improved in these areas, also by increased involvement of communities themselves. The project was not able to create specific PPP arrangements in these communities that would be sustainable without further external support.
A large proportion of Penang's population (including poorer groups) lives in high-rise apartment buildings. The projects focus on improving waste collection and recycling from such buildings is therefore very relevant. The potential to improve separation and recycling from these spatially concentrated communities remains high.