This custom research report was produced under the direction of Gilles Rhéaume and Mario Iacobacci. The author of the report is Mario Iacobacci.

We would like to thank several external reviewers for their comments, notably Aidan Vining, Richard Deslauriers, and a third anonymous external reviewer. We are also grateful to Paul Darby for acting as an internal reader on an earlier draft of the report.

The report was funded by the Alberta Treasury Board, Infrastructure Ontario, Infrastructure Québec (formerly the Agence des partenariats public-privé Québec), Partnerships British Columbia, PPP Canada, and The Canadian Council for Public-Private Partnerships. In keeping with our guidelines for financed research, the scope, methodology, and findings in this report were determined solely by The Conference Board of Canada.

The author alone is responsible for any errors and omissions.