The need to look more closely at P3s as a solution to the infrastructure challenge does not mean that public service delivery is inherently less efficient - in many instances, the traditional public model would still win out as the best way to provide value for money. Still, P3s have proven their worth on the international landscape in allowing infrastructure projects to be carried out more quickly and with greater net benefits to taxpayers. And, where governments have bumped up against cash and/or borrowing constraints - pressures that are certainly witnessed in Canada - they have permitted projects to proceed that might have been delayed or shelved. Looking ahead, the usefulness of P3s as an alternative will be largely dependent on the ability of the federal and provincial governments to create a more competitive market, maintain sufficient opportunities for private-sector involvement, bolster public-sector expertise and ensure accountability and transparency.