At its simplest, on one side of the project "income statement" are the costs associated with land and on the other side is the change in the value of that land as a result of the project. It is important to capture both sides of this equation.
The costs of acquiring land for infrastructure development can be significant. These can include compensating the existing landowners and those who claim the value of their land has fallen or been impacted. Such claims include the noise of being under an airport flight path, the unsightly nature of a power station and increased local traffic. On the other side of the "income statement" is the potential increase in land value that results from the infrastructure. For example, the land corridor around a new metro line is likely to go up in value because of improved accessibility.