In most PPPs the tender selection criterion focuses on the fee for delivering a service, be it a road toll, a water tariff or some other fee. Where EU funding is applied, it may be beneficial to apply other criteria, such as service quality achieved, extent of additional investment provided, duration of the concession, or even competition for minimum level of grant required. This could make it easier to tackle the funding gap issues (see above), but may also stimulate achievement of project objectives (e.g. if criteria are linked to project objectives), and they may impact state aid treatment. They may also facilitate the timing of grant and PPP procurement processes and interfaces. It would be helpful to analyse further the application of such criteria in the market and to explore their implications for EU grant funding.