3.1.  Introduction

There are a number of constraints that need to be considered in attempting to revive and expand the interest of capital markets investors in PPPs. These fall into two broad categories: reasons for the retreat from PPP and obstacles to re-entry and expansion of activity.

Reasons for the retreat from PPP:

 Impairment of the value of the existing portfolio

 Portfolio imbalance

 Attractive alternative investments

Obstacles to re-entry and expansion:

  Lack of analytical and structuring capability among many investors

  Structuring difficulties around project control

  Lack of a clear asset class for performance benchmarking

  Lack of a designated pool of capital

  Variable appetite for construction risk

  Currency constraints

  Rating hurdle