5.4.  Other countries

We are aware that in response to the ongoing shortage of bank debt other countries such as Ireland are actively pursuing a dialogue with institutional investors, the prospects for which are still developing. Other countries with significant institutional investors bases may be pursuing similar routes. Bonds solutions have been occasionally considered in other countries such as France (e.g. the A28 motorway) or Norway (the E18 Motorway - project bond issued in NOK). In Germany and Spain the "Pfandbrief" or "covered bond" market could also offer opportunities.