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The European PPP Expertise Centre (EPEC) is a joint initiative involving the European Investment Bank (EIB), the European Commission, Member States of the European Union, Candidate States and certain other states. For more information about EPEC and its membership, please visit www.eib.org/epec.

This publication has been prepared to contribute to and stimulate discussions on public-private partnerships (PPPs) as well as to foster the dissemination of best practices in this area.

The findings, analysis, interpretations and conclusions contained in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of any EPEC member. No EPEC member, including the EIB and the European Commission, accepts any responsibility for the accuracy of the information contained in this publication or any liability for any consequences arising from the use of this publication. Reliance on the information provided in this paper is therefore at the sole risk of the user.

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