1 In general, the perceptions reported in this study are not specific to a particular sector, foreign head office or Canadian subsidiary; rather, they represent a broader view of multinationals.
2 Kwang-Yeol Yoo, Corporate Taxation of Foreign Direct Investment Income 1991-2001,Economics Department Working Paper 365, eco/wkp 19 (Paris: OECD, 2003), p. 34.
3 World Economic Forum, Global Competitiveness Report 2003-2004 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), p. 208.
4 Stephen S. Golub, "Measures of Restrictions on Inward Foreign Direct Investment for OECD Countries," OECD Economic Studies 36 (Paris: OECD, 2003). It should be noted that this study has several flaws that directly contribute to Canada's high score. First, it contains factual errors: in Canada's case it shows a complete prohibition on FDI in road transport, which is not the case. Second, it focuses only on statutory restrictions. Many European countries and Japan are not transparent regarding FDI rules and use non-statutory and discretionary measures to control or limit inward FDI. These do not show up in this study.