For the purposes of this Directive:
1. technical specification", " means one of the following:
(a) in the case of public works concessions or works concessions, the totality of the technical prescriptions contained in particular in the concession award documents, defining the characteristics required of a material, product or supply, so that it fulfils the use for which it is intended by the contracting authority or entity. Those characteristics include levels of environmental and climate performance, design for all requirements (including accessibility for disabled persons) and conformity assessment, performance, safety or dimensions, including the procedures concerning quality assurance, terminology, symbols, testing and test methods, packaging, marking and labelling, user instructions and production processes and methods at any stage of the life cycle of the works; those characteristics also include rules relating to design and costing, the test, inspection and acceptance conditions for works and methods or techniques of construction and all other technical conditions which the contracting authority or entity is in a position to prescribe, under general or specific regulations, in relation to the finished works and to the materials or parts which they involve;
(b) in the case of service concessions, a specification in a document defining the required characteristics of a product or a service, such as quality levels, environmental and climate performance levels, design for all requirements (including accessibility for disabled persons) and conformity assessment, performance, use of the product, safety or dimensions, including requirements relevant to the product as regards the name under which the product is sold, terminology, symbols, testing and test methods, packaging, marking and labelling, user instructions, production processes and methods at any stage of the life cycle of the supply or service and conformity assessment procedures;
2. "standard" means a technical specification approved by a recognised standardizing body for repeated or continuous application, compliance with which is not compulsory and which falls into one of the following categories:
(a) international standard: a standard adapted by an international standards organisation and made available to the general public,
(b) European standard: a standard adopted by a European standards organisation and made available to the general public,
(c) national standard: a standard adopted by a national standards organisation and made available to the general public;
3. "European technical approval" means a favourable technical assessment of the fitness for use of a product for a particular purpose, based on the fulfilment of the essential requirements for building works, by means of the inherent characteristics of the product and the defined conditions of application and use. European technical approvals are issued by an approval body designated for this purpose by the Member State;
4. "Common technical specification" means a technical specification laid down in accordance with a procedure recognised by the Member States which has been published in the Official Journal of the European Union;
5. "Technical reference" means any deliverable produced by European standardisation bodies, other than European standards, according to procedures adapted to the development of market needs.