The following table provides a list of the potential costs and benefits that Infrastructure Australia expects to be monetised and included in a CBA of any initiative.
All direct benefits and costs arising from an initiative should be included in the appraisal. This is to ensure that the full impact of an initiative is understood by decision-makers. For example, the assessment of a freight road should not be limited to freight impacts, but should also include the impact upon non-freight road users such as private vehicles.
Typical benefit / cost items | |
Benefits / Costs to users | Benefits / Costs to non users |
• Changes in external costs (e.g. crashes costs, noise, air pollution, GHG emissions, visual amenity etc…) • Changes in in-vehicle time (IVT) • Changes in out-of-vehicle time (OVT) e.g. (e.g. wait, access and transfer/boarding) • Changes in vehicle operating costs (perceived and unperceived) • Changes in crash costs (internalised effects) • Changes in crowding (rollingstock and platform) • Changes in amenity (e.g. station, rollingstock) • Changes in health and physical fitness | • Capital costs • Consequential costs during construction (e.g. noise, delay, congestion during, displaced economic activity etc.) • Maintenance and replacement costs • Operating costs • Road network decongestion • Changes in revenues / fare box • Residual value • Decommissioning or rehabilitation costs |