In requesting flexible application of the rules governing the Competitive Dialogue, various contributors criticise the Commission for interpreting the scope of the negotiated procedure too restrictively. The Commission's position is thought not to deliver benefits in terms of transparency, openness or minimising barriers to trade. Easier recourse to the negotiated procedure is - according to various contributors - necessary, as the assignment of economic and legal risks linked to PPP models requires intensive negotiation during all phases of the procedure. Along these lines, many stakeholders question the need for the Competitive Dialogue, which is thought not to provide any added value compared to the negotiated procedure.