This is an issue which primarily affected the UK PPP projects evaluated in-depth. There is a danger that a significant proportion of the EIB's funding cost advantage could be absorbed by the margins charged by swap banks, where the swap process is managed by the Provider, but it is the Promoter which carries the cost. In OPS' opinion, the outcome of the swap is not something which should concern the Bank. However, given that the Bank already has sophisticated treasury expertise, there is scope for the EIB to increase its value-added by working with the Promoter and its financial advisers during the swap process. PPP Promoters often have very limited experience in this field and may have to rely on inadequate advice. Swap guidance was provided by Ops on a toll motorway project, using FI expertise. The currency swap pricing was checked to ensure it was competitive, despite the fact that the Promoter was only taking the risk of changes in government bond rates between BAFO and financial close, rather than swap market or exchange rates.