Novel features

4  The PPPs are novel in a number of respects:

■  The responsibility split between infrastructure and operations does not exist in any other major metro system, and has been employed in few rail systems outside the UK;

■  The mechanisms to incentivise Infraco performance are more complex than those used for the vast majority of other transport systems; and

■  There is a built-in periodic review mechanism that enables the parties to respecify requirements within the PPP scope and reprice the deals every 7½ years, and possibly before in certain limited circumstances.