LSPs work through leadership, culture, and relationship management.

•  Effective joint working needs active leadership and purposeful relationship management.

•  The leadership styles of the chair, and of the council, affect how others see an LSP. Councils must ensure that partners see local leadership: not domination or control.

•  Social network analysis can strengthen working relationships.

•  Delivery chain analysis can strengthen the links between LSP objectives and partners' action.

•  Partnership working is more complicated in multi-tier areas where there is often less experience of collaboration.

•  LSPs need systems to support a culture in which performance is tested and challenged.