List of Boxes

1.1

Definitions

2.1

Focusing Public-Private Partnerships on the Poor: A Strategic Framework for Building Municipal Capacity

3.1

A Municipal Objectives Framework

3.2

Why Involve the Private Sector in Service Delivery? • A Mayor's Perspective

3.3

Why Involve the Private Sector in Service Delivery? • An Operator's Perspective

3.4

Why Involve the Private Sector in Service Delivery? • An NGO's Perspective

3.5

Why Involve the Private Sector in Service Delivery? • A Low-income Community Perspective

3.6

Why Involve the Private Sector in Service Delivery? • The Water and Sanitation Program Perspective

3.7

Why Involve the Private Sector in Service Delivery? • A Donor's Perspective

3.8

Why Involve the Private Sector in Service Delivery? • A Financier's Perspective

4.1

Locating Municipal Service Partnerships

4.2

Municipal Policy Towards Public-Private Partnerships • Kathmandu, Nepal

4.3

Integrated Development Planning • South Africa

4.4

PSP as Part of a Wider Restructuring Process • Johannesburg, South Africa

4.5

Building Experience in Private Sector Participation • Gweru, Zimbabwe

4.6

Strategic Planning in the Development and Implementation of Partnerships

5.1

Potential Impacts of Infrastructure Improvements • Flow Diagram

5.2

Differing Experiences of Poverty • A South-East Asian Profile

5.3

Simplified Disaggregation of Low-income Communities • Biratnagar, Nepal

5.4

Integrated Poverty Responses • Buenos Aires, Argentina

5.5

Incorporating the Principles of Sustainable Livelihoods in PPPs

5.6

A Strategic Approach to Focusing Partnerships on the Poor

6.1

Municipal Capacity and the Changing Municipal Role • Stutterheim, South Africa

6.2

Municipal Roles in Service Partnerships

6.3

The Changing Municipal Role in Solid Waste Management • Hyderabad, India

6.4

Disaggregating the Private Sector

6.5

Market Share of Multinational Watsan Operators in Low- and Middle-income Countries

6.6

Working in Low-income Areas • The Rationale and Approach of an International Water and Sanitation Operator

6.7

A National Solid Waste Operator • Biratnagar, Nepal

6.8

Water Tanker Service Delivery in Peri-urban Areas • Lima, Peru

6.9

A Micro-enterprise Profile • Billy Hattingh Solid Waste, South Africa

6.10

Independent Service Provider Profiles

6.11

The Roles of an NGO in a Water and Sanitation Partnership • South Africa

6.12

Key Issues for NGOs: The Experience of the Mvula Trust • South Africa

6.13

Factors Affecting NGOs: The Experience of IIED • Buenos Aires, Argentina

6.14

Disaggregating Service Consumers

6.15

Community Mobilisation and Management • Lima, Peru

6.16

Community Collaborations • Córdoba, Argentina

6.17

Community Shareholding and Empowerment • Nelspruit, South Africa

6.18

A Story of Labour Relations • Nelspruit, South Africa

6.19

Multilateral Initiatives • PPIAF, The World Bank

6.20

The Role of the Donor • El Alto, Bolivia

6.21

Business Partners for Development • A Global Initiative

6.22

The Role of Consultants in Restructuring Water and Sanitation Services • Johannesburg, South Africa

6.23

Comparing the Attributes of Potential Actors

6.24

Locating Partners in the Service Delivery Process • Changing Roles and Relationships

6.25

Aligning Sectoral Competencies with Municipal Objectives

6.26

Diversity of Partner Objectives • BoTT, South Africa

6.27

The Experience of Partnering • KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

7.1

Achieving Objectives • Key Elements of Partnership Arrangements

7.2

Service Coverage • Buenos Aires, Argentina

7.3

A Story of Land, Community Mobilisation and Network Extension • Buenos Aires, Argentina

7.4

Sample Performance Measurement Indicators

7.5

Community Interdependence • Vientiane, Laos

7.6

Enhancing Service Affordability • El Alto, Bolivia

7.7

Alternative Payment Mechanisms • Cartagena, Colombia

7.8

Gender Targeting

7.9

Women in the Solid Waste Workforce • Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania

7.10

The Aguateros Water Merchants • Asuncion, Paraguay

7.11

Financing a Concession • Buenos Aires, Argentina

7.12

Private Sector Facilitates IFI Finance • Cartagena, Colombia

7.13

Advisors in Water Privatisation• Manila, The Philippines

7.14

Operating Profits as the Basis for Compensation • Manila, The Philippines

7.15

The Business of Waste Collection • Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania

7.16

Elements of Cost Recovery

7.17

Regressive Tariff Structure • Stutterheim, South Africa

7.18

Changing Tariffs and Fees • Buenos Aires, Argentina

7.19

Tariff Structures and Cross-subsidies • Cartagena, Colombia

7.20

Targeted Subsidies • Chile

7.21

Vehicles for Decision-making • BoTT, South Africa

8.1

Structuring Partnerships • Operational Models

8.2

A Joint Venture • Cartagena, Colombia

8.3

Contract Types

8.4

The Return of Technical Assistance • Maseru, Lesotho

8.5

Selecting a Management Contract • Johannesburg, South Africa

8.6

An Affermage Contract • Stutterheim, South Africa

8.7

Issues Concerning Service Delivery to the Poor • A Checklist for Concession Arrangements

8.8

A Water Concession • Córdoba, Argentina

8.9

A Small Concession • Queenstown, South Africa

8.10

BOT Water-treatment Project • Izmit, Turkey

8.11

Contracting NGOs • Organisational Models

8.12

Sub-contracted to an International Operator • Buenos Aires, Argentina

8.13

Mvula Trust, A Member of a Consortium • South Africa

9.1

Transparent Procurement Processes • Johannesburg, South Africa

9.2

Unsolicited Bids • Biratnagar, Nepal

9.3

Participation and Public Awareness • Johannesburg, South Africa

9.4

Building Transparency and Accountability through Consultation • Gweru, Zimbabwe

9.5

Stakeholder Consultation • Gweru, Zimbabwe

9.6

A Partnership Lacking Clarity • Stutterheim, South Africa

9.7

Managing Risk through Partnership Contracts

9.8

Private Sector-Community Cooperation • Buenos Aires, Argentina

10.1

Political Will Sets the Context for Partnerships

10.2

National Support Structures • South Africa

10.3

Policy and Legislation for PSP • Colombia

10.4

How Political Economy Impedes Municipal-level PSP • Zimbabwe

10.5

The Policy and Legislative Framework of PSP • South Africa

10.6

The Impacts of Decentralisation Policy • Colombia

10.7

The Quest for Better Regulation of PSP • Córdoba, Argentina

10.8

Policy for Affordable Services • South Africa

10.9

What is Regulatory Capture?

10.10

Regulating Small-scale Providers • Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania

10.11

The Role of Water and Sanitation Regulators in Latin America

10.12

Effects of the Operating Environment

11.1

Capacity Constraints and Capacity Building • Stutterheim, South Africa

11.2

Skills Framework

11.3

Supplementing Municipal Skills • Gweru, Zimbabwe

11.4

Skills Development in PPPs • Gweru, Zimbabwe

12.1

Management Constraints • Stutterheim, South Africa

12.2

Local Champions Drive Partnerships • Nelspruit, South Africa

12.3

Establishing and Sustaining Effective Partnerships • Primary Stages

12.4

Lessons of Tender Assessment and Negotiation • South Africa

12.5

Management and Monitoring • Biratnagar, Nepal

12.6

Building Structural Capacity for Partnerships • Ankara, Turkey

12.7

Responding to Stakeholder Interests • Gweru, Zimbabwe