16.4.1 Research and development services and related scientific activities may be obtained from the private sector.
16.4.2 Research and development service contracts may be entered into when:
1. there is an established government contracting-out policy, or it is demonstrably more cost-effective to have the work done by the private sector;
2. the requirement can be defined in advance well enough that it will not depend on a series of ad hoc assignments over the course of the contract; and
3. an employer-employee relationship will not develop.