| Type of Organization | Other Non-profit environmental group |
| Top benefits of PPP | 1. Potential to harness private sector creativity and efficiency; 2. Potential to leverage public sector transportation funding by |
| PPP Concern 1 | 1. Tend to circumvent normal planning processes |
| PPP Concern Mitigation 1 | Limit or prohibit unsolicited bids; require bids go through normal planning process |
| PPP Concern 2 | Circumvent and/or undermine environmental reviews |
| PPP Concern Mitigation 2 | As condition of signing agreement, require NEPA process completed or substantially complete; provide clarity what can be negotiated with proponent before NEPA process complete |
| PPP Concern 3 | Has not tended to attract private risk sector capital proponents promised. |
| PPP Concern Mitigation 3 | Require proposer invest a certain amount of equity |
| PPP Concern 4 | Non-compete clauses limit investments that are in public interest |
| PPP Concern Mitigation 4 | Prohibit non-compete clauses |
| PPP Concern 5 | Failure to adequately account for public costs and potential taxpayer liability, and environmental costs (including sprawl promote). |
| PPP Concern Mitigation 5 | Require full, independent accounting of these items. |
| Factors to consider by decision makers | 1. full cost and potential taxpayer liability; 2. consistency with planning process; 3. impact on funding and function of other projects; 4. full environmental costs, including secondary impacts promoting sprawl; 5. full alternatives analysis |
| Contract structures/techniques to protect public interests | See above for various provisions and requirements. |
| Other perspectives
| Our experience with PPPs is that they are far more complex than initially advertised, and often the public interest is not well-protected. |