The private sector often bids for the provision of park and ride services, particularly for start-up commuter rail or commuter bus operations. In large urban systems peak-hour express services may be contracted out. Today, most paratransit services for the elderly and persons with disabilities are provided under contract, as are van-pool services. Finally, some cities contract for their fixed-route, local service. In some cases, this includes commuter rail services, such as in Dallas/Ft. Worth or South Florida. In rural public transportation service, over 57% of obligations ($48.9 million) were expended for contracted service in 2003.