The shadow bid model will typically be developed by Procuring Authorities in conjunction with their appointed financial advisers to inform both the VfM and affordability assessments. The shadow bid model will produce an indicative unitary charge. This unitary charge will be used as a proxy of the expected annual cost of the NPD project. The discounted unitary charge over the life of the project will be compared to the discounted cost of the CPAM to provide an indication of the VfM implications of the project. Both models will use the discount rate specified within the HMT Green Book (health projects should refer to SCIM guidance at http://www.pfcu.scot.nhs.uk/)