In P3s or PPPs, according to the U.S. Department of Transportation, the private entity is often selected for its expertise in the different functions to be performed, which may include design, construction, financing, operation and/or maintenance of the project. Under these arrangements, the public sector shifts certain risks to the private partner and instead focuses not on detailed project specifications but on desired outcomes. The private entity is allowed to earn a financial return commensurate with the risks it assumes on the project.2