• Russia
- The government has approved up to 20 toll roads, each involving private investor financing for half of the project cost.
• Poland
- Numerous road infrastructure facilities are being developed using PPP concession- type agreements to expedite project financing and delivery. This includes the A4 Tolled Motorway, which links Krakow to the Polish-German border. The last section of A4 was recently constructed and is now being operated and maintained using a PPP concession arrangement.
• Hungary
- The state-owned company responsible for road maintenance and operations (toll collection) can compete or partner with private sector companies for road construction projects.
- PPP projects include several highways, including the M6 highway concession, the refinancing of the first phase of the M5 highway (initially completed in 1998) in 2004, and the financing of the second phase extension of the M5 highway (completed in 2005). The M5 highway links the capital city of Budapest to the border with Serbia.
- The M1/M15 toll Motorway links the Hungarian Capital of Budapest with Vienna and Bratislava and was developed in the late 1990s as a PPP project which involved private and World Bank financing. The facility achieved only 40 percent of its projected traffic and revenues and required subsequent refinancing. This could be attributed in part to the difficulty in estimating travel behavior in an eastern block country when first exposed to road tolling.
• Slovakia
- A recent feasibility study identified eight highway projects for development as PPPs, using the DBFO model.
• Czech Republic
- New legislation has amended public procurement laws to enable infrastructure development through PPPs.
- Prague is considering using PPP financing and delivery for its proposed ring road around the city.
• Bulgaria
- A national "fast-track" infrastructure development plan focuses on PPPs using the concession approach to integrate the nation's railroad network with the rest of Europe's rail system.
• Croatia
- Over 928 kilometers of highways in Croatia are operated by four companies, 90 percent of which are tolled. One public company is responsible for 68 percent of the tolled highways and 92 percent of the non-tolled highways in Croatia. Two private concessionary companies only operate tolled highways, representing a combined 28 percent of Croatia's tolled highways. The third private concessionary company is responsible from the smallest portions of the tolled (four percent) and non-tolled (eight percent).highway network
- The public road construction and operating company and several of the concessionary companies are progressing on several road projects involving the improvement and expansion of the A2 toll highway between the border with Slovenia and the City of Krapina. The initial section of A2Zagreb to Krapina) was built by the public company and opened in 2001. The second section of A2 (Zagreb to Macelj) was built by one of the concessionary companies and opened in 2005. The third and final section of A2 (Slovenia border to Krapina) was built by another of the concessionary companies and opened to traffic in 2006. Overall the toll highway traffic volumes, revenues, and cost savings for the A2 toll highway have exceeded projections.
- Most highway construction in Croatia is funded by toll revenues and financed by loans. Only the private road company has access to revenues from the country's fuel tax. By 2013, Croatia expects to have a highway network totaling 1,365 kilometers. This represents an increase of 635 kilometers or 87 percent in ten years. Most of this growth will come in the form of tolled highways, with opportunities for development using some form of PPP concession arrangement.
• Romania
- A change in the national government has put in question whether certain PPP contracts already awarded would continue or might be cancelled. This demonstrates the nature of political risk facing private partners in PPPs in countries where a change in government may result in changes in policies and potential cancellation of prior contractual commitments.