A wide variety of stakeholders may be involved in a transportation PPP, based on its mission, its approach to project delivery and financing, and the legal environment in which it takes place. Possible PPP participants who may determine the environment for PPP projects or take part in delivering a specific project may include:
• State legislators, who create the legal environment for PPPs and may play a role in project approval (see The State Legislative Role in PPPs on pages 15 to 19);
• A public sector executive agency-such as a department of transportation or toll authority-that will act as project sponsor, enter into the PPP contract with one or more private entities, and provide project management and oversight (see The State Executive Role in PPPs on page 19);
• Other public officials who may play a role in project selection or approval, such as governors, mayors, state transportation commissions or boards, metropolitan planning organizations or members of local legislative bodies (see Appendix B);
• Equity participants, such as funds and concessionaires;
• Lenders, such as commercial banks, state infrastructure banks or federal credit assistance programs;
• Private sector companies or public sector employees who provide design, construction, or operations and maintenance services;
• Technical, legal, financial or other advisors to the public or private partners;
• Voters, who in some jurisdictions must approve certain projects (see Appendix B);
• Taxpayers, who may provide funding through taxes; and/or
• Users of the facility, who may provide funding through direct user fees or tolls.