In addition to the innovative contracting techniques discussed above, there are a number of project delivery structures that can be used when the private sector intends to provide some debt or equity financing to the highway project. These structures are referred to herein as "innovative financing techniques" and discussed in more detail below. There are a number of different private financing tools that can be used to facilitate private-sector investment in highway projects. These tools, which include financing under the Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act of 1998, 23 U.S.C. § 181-189 (TIFIA), and private activity bonds, also are discussed briefly below and can be used in con-junction with any of the innovative financing techniques described herein.