In anonymous survey responses, legislators and DOT executives overwhelmingly agreed that maintaining regular, open, honest and transparent communication is one of the most vital elements of effective transportation governance, and that intergovernmental relationships should be made a priority. In practice, engagement between legislatures and DOTs differ significantly across jurisdictions, including states with limited, ad hoc interactions; those with formal, structured engagements focused on reporting requirements and the budget process; and those with extensive, proactive, collaborative communication that extends beyond the legislative session and pervades all levels of both organizations. Most states have a combination of formal and informal mechanisms that are more active at certain times of year, particularly in relation to budgeting and appropriations.

Most states have a combination of formal and informal communications between their legislatures and DOTs that are more active at certain times of year, especially in relation to the budget process.

Most state DOTs have a government relations office or legislative liaison that acts as the primary point of contact with the legislature.

 One recommendation from survey respondents for promoting effective interactions is to have a strong DOT government relations office that includes a state legislative liaison. At least 38 states and the District of Columbia have such offices or liaisons that act as primary points of contact for legislators and legislative staff, provide requested information to the legislature, and sometimes lobby on behalf of the DOT. Most other states incorporate some of the functions of a legislative liaison under another division or position, such as a communications or legal services office. Wisconsin also has a legislative committee within the DOT that meets regularly to discuss pending legislation. New Mexico is one of three states that have no such entity; the state reports direct, frequent communication between multiple levels of each organization instead.