In theory, the executive branch is broadly responsible for carrying out the programs and policies that have been authorized and funded by the legislature. In addition, governors typically prepare state budgets, initiate legislative measures and have discretion to create programs and initiatives in some areas. Every U.S. state or territory has an agency or department within the executive branch that is responsible for highway functions, under the authority of the governor or other lead executive. The roles and responsibilities of these departments of transportation vary widely, however, by organizational structure, modes served, balance between state and local roles, and general roles and responsibilities.