There are many other considerations, choices, key issues, and aspects that should be understood before undertaking PPP projects. Several of these are summaries and highlighted in the following and in more detail in the lessons learned section in Appendix A. The following are some of the main choices available once the decision has been made to go forward with a PPP project.
• Toll roads are market based risks
• Market risk payment mechanism:
• Real tolls collected - all vehicles
• Heavy vehicle tolls
• Performance-based and /or congestion based
• Non-market based risk projects
• Availability
• Shadow tolls
• Series of projects - or just one? (how to attract "international players")
• Any stipends to non-winners (helps reduce tendering costs)
• "Open Book" (for Life Cycle Cost)
• How tenders are awarded - (lowest NPV or best value or other)
• Having a "PPP team" or ad-hoc staff
• How the evaluation of "Alternative Technical Concepts" (ATCs) will be managed