2.3 Professional Services

Various types of professional services are used for different phases of a project, especially during the planning and design development phases, and during the Quality Control (QC) and inspection phases. In some instances, these are performed by the client's own work or staff, while other clients publicly tender for these services. These professional services contracts are tendered primarily due to this road reform processes that lost the capability and staff experts, or due to the lack of time and in-house resources. These services may be procured separately or as an integrated package. The main services needed for road projects are highlighted in the following:

• Feasibility Studies

• Pre-Design & Planning

• General & Specialized Designs

• Construction-Ready Design (Complete Design)

• Quality Control & Assurance, Inspection, and Client Advisers

Figure 8 shows these main processes and phases that could include professional services contracts. When these services are procured in an integrated fashion, there is cohesion in the planning, development, and preliminary design phases. There is less duplication and redundancy between the phases of the project when accomplished under the same professional service providers and there is better coordination.

Figure 8 Professional Services Combinations