1.2 We define a complex programme or project as one where either:
• at the outset there is uncertainty over the route to delivering the project outcome, or the project has aspects that have not previously been encountered; or
• there is a high level of change in the outcome required during the project's lifetime.
1.3 Many factors contribute to a project's complexity. These include:
• a significant number of stakeholders are involved in the delivery of a project or its outcome;
• the scale of the project, particularly if there is a significant number of linked procurements;
• the duration of the project, which can increase the risk that internal or external events will impact on the project;
• the use of unproven technology, or the development of a bespoke technological solution;
• a project being financed in a novel manner; and
• a tight delivery timetable.