11 We identified the training evaluation performed by the Australian Command and Staff College and the Canadian Forces College. Evaluation at these at Levels 1 and 2 mainly focused on the use of questionnaires to students during and at the course end, and, where possible, validation of their learning by testing and examinations. Methods used for Level 3 and 4 evaluation included surveys to graduates and their line managers between 6 to 12 months after the end of a course, and informal feedback from external lecturers and via the colleges' governance structures.