Projects approved for a non-price competitive process will generally have unknown scope, undimensionable risks or a high degree of externality. In these circumstances, it can be difficult to pre-estimate the likely alliance development costs. It is usual practise in non-price TOC development processes to pay Proponents actual costs expended on a cost- reimbursable basis and roll these into the TOC as interim or early works values. This arrangement should be used with extreme caution as without careful planning, forethought or proactive management, Owners can be faced with reimbursing large Proponent teams, searching for the right balance of risk and price to settle the TOC. Owners should generally cap the amount to be reimbursed for the reasons articulated in 7.3.6.1. The suggested cap is 50% of an appropriate budget figure.