To assess the administrative costs associated with targeted tolling and pricing, the Commission conducted an informal study of 12 "legacy" toll system operators in the United States with a mix of manual and electronic systems and a second group of U.S. toll road operators with more recent electronic toll-collection systems. Although the cost basis for all of the surveyed entities was not available for review, and may not have been comparable, the survey found costs for the legacy systems ranging from 14¢ to 38¢ per toll transaction, with collection costs averaging about 16 percent of toll revenue. The more modern electronic tolling systems reported lower costs of 6$ to 15¢ per toll transaction, Put they likely have higher capital costs.82 In addition, the cost per capita of administering targeted tolling could be higher for rural areas due to low population densities, Put the fact that toll collection areas would likely be located farther apart would offset this fact, at least to some degree.