1. "Private Sector Has US $180 b to Spend on Infrastructure," P3 Americas, January 21, 2009.
2. Evaluation of Innovative Finance Tools as a Transportation Financing Mechanism, paper prepared on behalf of National Surface Transportation Policy and Revenue Study Commission, January 2007.
3. National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Future Financing Options to Meet Highway and Transit Needs (Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board, December 2006).
4. More information on these tools can be found on the Federal Highway Administration Web site and in various reports to Congress.
5. Evaluation of Tax-Preferred Investment Products as a Transportation Financing Mechanism, paper prepared on behalf of the National Surface Transportation Policy and Revenue Study Commission, January 2007.
6. All private activity bonds (except certain 509(c)(3) bonds) are subject to the Alternative Minimum Tax under Section 57(a)(5).
7. Evaluation of Tax-Preferred Investment Products, op. cit. note 5.
8. Eric Solomon, Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary for Tax Policy, U.S. Department of the Treasury, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures, House Committee on Ways and Means, March 2006.
9. The availability payment concession approach can be used for both new capacity and existing facilities but to date has shown greater applicability to the former.
10. For further discussion of the appropriate use of public-private partnerships for transit projects, see U.S. Secretary of Transportation, Report to Congress on the Costs, Benefits, and Efficiencies of Public-Private Partnerships for Fixed Guideway Capital Projects (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), December 2007).
11. Government Accountability Office, Highway Public-Private Partnerships-More Rigorous Up-front Analysis Could Better Secure Potential Benefits and Protect the Public Interest (Washington, DC: February 2008).
12. In 2007, the Texas Legislature imposed a limited moratorium on toll roads developed through public-private partnerships in the state and formed a special committee to review and analyze public-private partnerships and make recommendations to the 2009 legislature. In December 2008, the Committee's report was published, concluding that public-private partnerships offered substantial benefits in appropriate cases for delivering and financing new highway capacity. Report of the Legislative Study Committee on Private Participation in Toll Projects, December 2008, at www.senate.state.tx.us/75R/Senate/commit/c820/c820 htm.
13. For additional discussion of these and other issues related to the oversight of public-private partnerships, including a survey of approaches used in actual transactions, see Federal Highway Administration, Public Policy Considerations in Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Arrangements (Washington, DC: U.S. DOT, January 2009).