The standard UK PPP contract enables these shares to be sold once the project is operational. Some PPP models institutionalise user charging through tolls or fees and/or via third party use and income generation.
PPPs extend ownership of public infrastructure by financial institutions. Some construction companies retain PPP assets, but most seek to 'recycle' their investment by the sale of SPC equity to invest in new PPPs. Even the largest construction companies need to 'recycle' their investment to fund new PPP projects. Securitisation further extends the role of financialisation and financial control of public assets.
Two other important trends are evident. Firstly, new types of public private partnerships where renewable energy companies promote partnerships with local communities by offering a community-owned turbine to generate income and build support for local and planning approval of wind farm projects. Secondly, the scope of PPPs are changing, for example the growth of whole-service contracts that have a smaller capital expenditure, but higher service provision content compared to traditional PPP projects. It is, in effect, a merging of infrastructure provision and service outsourcing into 25-year contracts.