The key processes and activities involved in undertaking involuntary resettlement and bringing about a successful outcome are shown in the following table:
Table 4: Key Processes in Involuntary Resettlement | |
Key Processes and Steps | Key Outcome |
Project Design | |
Define the project and its objectives | Clear understanding of the project and its objectives |
Identify project Impacts ● Number of affected persons ● Loss of Land ● Loss of Livelihood ● Loss of Dwellings ● Loss of Access to Resources ● Others | Identification and determination of the extent of the resettlement impacts |
Identify alternatives to minimize involuntary resettlement | Avoidance or minimization of resettlement impacts. |
Establish alignment design considerations |
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Resettlement and Action Planning | |
Prepare and agree on a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) or its equivalent | Where no resettlement policy exists, this framework provides a clear guide in the preparation of a resettlement action plan (RAP). |
Identify the applicable laws that will appropriately address resettlement concerns | Legalizes the resettlement processes that will be followed as well as the compensation entitlements that the affected persons will receive following project displacement. |
Establish a "Cut-off Date" | Prevents occupation or re-occupation of a target property or right-of-way after the consultation process and census. |
Disclose RPF or its equivalent, and consult with affected persons | Inform project affected persons about the project, its potential impacts to their assets and livelihood, and corresponding entitlements based on eligibility criteria. Also hear suggestions and comments from project affected persons to further minimize impacts. |
Conduct census and tagging of project affected persons | Identify the project affected persons who will be eligible to receive compensation. |
Conduct Asset inventory / Detailed Measurement Surveys & Valuation | Identify assets that will be affected and their replacement values based on actual measurements on the ground. |
Conduct Socio-economic Survey of project affected persons | Establish the pre-project level (baseline condition) of the affected persons for purposes of measuring change after the project, and to further improve resettlement policy for future project implementation. |
Conduct replacement cost survey | Establish unit costs reflective of current market condition to ensure that affected assets are restored or replaced to pre-project level or even better. |
Verify replacement cost survey results | A third party review to ensure that the unit costs have been established transparently and accurately. |
Conduct parcel land survey | Where land acquisition is involved, establish the accuracy of the dimensions of affected assets, and as also compliance with documentary requirements to properly transfer ownership. |
Identify and plan relocation sites | Where resettlement sites may be necessary, determine the appropriateness of the site, and the development cost requirements that meet minimum standards provided by law or by advocacy groups. |
Prepare RAP budget | Determine the extent of the financial requirements needed to implement the resettlement action plan, and to compensate affected persons and their assets. |
Review RAP budget | Determine the accuracy of the RAP budget and ensure the appropriateness of the methodologies and basis of valuation in a transparent manner. |
Establish the Resettlement Implementation Committee (RIC) | Formation of a gender-responsive LGU-based body including representatives of NGOs, People's Organization, and representation from the project-affected persons that will be tasked to validate and implement the resettlement action plan. |
Establish the Grievance Redress Committee | Formation of a gender-responsive LGU-based body including representatives of NGOs, People's Organization, and representation from the project-affected persons that will be tasked to validate and resolve grievances or conflicts during the implementation of the resettlement action plan. |
Prepare RAP implementation schedule | Target dates and milestones that serve as guide in the timely and successful implementation of a resettlement action plan. |
RAP Review/approval | Legitimize the implementation of the resettlement action plan together with the allocation of the budget to effect timely delivery of compensation entitlements. |
Resettlement Action Plan Implementation | |
Validation | Where there is a delay in the implementation of the resettlement action plan. |
Facilitate resolution of disputes on the computation of compensation and other grievances | Avoidance, minimization or resolution of grievance from affected persons. |
Process payments | Delivery of compensation payments to affected persons. |
Relocation site development, if necessary | Availability of relocation site acceptable to project affected persons. |
Demolition of structures | Clearing of the right-of-way in a timely and orderly manner |
Reporting |
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Resettlement Action Plan Monitoring | |
Internal Monitoring | RAP implementation compliance with the resettlement policy and resettlement action plan. |
External Monitoring | |
Post-implementation Evaluation Study | Measure change in the living condition of the project affected persons for purposes of further improving implementation of resettlement action plan of future projects. |