Of course, government should still do a detailed cost forecast to ensure that the performance outcomes it has specified are affordable. The NSW Government's new Shadow Bid Model fulfils this purpose. Government should also advise its affordability limit in the tender documentation. If government wants the best facility possible within its affordability limit then it should also consider providing bidders with 'scope ladders' that indicate items that could be removed from the scope in priority order if bidders have difficulty in providing the full scope within the affordability limit, and additional scope items which could be added.