EU employment regulations ensure the transfer of staff and terms and conditions when services are transferred from one employer to another. However, this does not prevent private employers from engaging new staff on reduced terms and conditions, thus creating a two-tier workforce with wider use of temporary contracts. Most new PFI prisons in the UK are full service contracts (buildings and custodial and related services) and thus avoid the EU employment regulations. Private prison officers and supervisors total pay and benefits is between 9.9% and 26.6% inferior to the same grades of public sector prison staff. Private prison staff turnover rates are 10%-20% (Income Data Services, 2015).