3.20 In terms of formalized individual capacity building, the number of specialized courses offered on PPPs in India has been limited. There are some training programs at central or state level, as well as those organized industry organizations such as Confederation of Indian Industry (CII). Many of the government organizations - both at the senior levels and middle levels - take part in these programs. However, with civil servant staff in general shifting position every few years, most of the training imparted can be quickly lost.
3.21 Perhaps more importantly, there is relatively little information on PPPs either in the public domain, or commonly available to government officials developing PPPs. This includes examples of contracts and clauses, and assessments of the success of different approaches both in terms of contracting structures as well as institutional frameworks for PPPs.