The incentives to meet the established investment goals will vary depending on the selected form of PPP. Accordingly, so will monitoring.
In the event of one-time investments to be paid by the private sector, incentives will be aimed at securing economically-efficient investments. The party in charge of the investment will try to meet the investment requirements at the lower possible cost. Particularly, if that party gets involved in the operation stage later on, it will try to secure the best technology available with a view to obtaining the best results in the future.
If the investment is to be paid by the public sector, monitoring is then intended to have the investment to be economically efficient, while ensuring that it meets the agreed-upon requirements. In this regard, since the funds are not private-sector funds, the private sector can "let go" and squander the money, particularly where there is no subsequent involvement at the operation stage.
Where the selected PPP form requires investments to be made at the operation stage, if funding for that investment is to be provided by the operator, with the entire operation stage affected as well, and if payment is to be made by users (via the tariffs paid for the service), periodic evaluations will be performed in order to verify whether the goals defined in the contract are being met and whether it is appropriate to authorize new off-plan investments, in both cases to allow, or not, their compensation by users. If payment is made by the public sector out of treasury money, oversight is intended to achieve the same goal but with a view to protecting the State's resources, which ultimately belong to the society as a whole rather than to just those using the service.