KPI modification:

-  Operational KPIs are developed during the procurement phase. This means generally, KPIs are designed at a time where little information is known about the service delivery specifics of PPPs, by lawyers and project teams alike, especially where they have limited operational experience. It is therefore important to have flexibility between the partners to review KPIs to ensure the services being delivered actually match that which was intended as part of the business case, and to take necessary steps to address consequential misalignment between expectation and practice.

-  Modifying KPIs should mean that they are adjusted to their 'right' level. However, the extent to which the modification contributes towards the achievement of VfM may depend upon a range of factors including the timing of negotiations, how much leverage the public partner has over its private partner, and the level of public employee ability to broker the best deal for the state.