failed PPP projects
as disincentive, 5
factors of, 53-55
foreign sponsors to reduce, 63
global financial crisis and, 225
government support and, 59, 138
natural disasters and, 63
prevention of, 273
probability of occurrence, 56-57
public sector, risk mitigation from, 138
risk assessment based on, 48-50, 48-50f
unmitigated risk factors and financing availability, 96
unsolicited projects, 66
feasibility studies
contingent government support based on, 307
evaluation of, 296
funding for, 267
Indonesia, 290
Philippines, 292 in project preparation, 205
purpose of, 9
Republic of Korea, 197, 210, 291
risk factors and, 53
Fiji, PPP to total infrastructure investment ratios in, 40t
financial sectors. See banking and financial sectors
financing for infrastructure. See also specific types
bank lending for, 77-107. See also bank project financing
bonds for. See bond financing
construction vs. financial investors for, 223-29, 224t, 229t, 231n3
determinants of PPPs and, 137-65. See also determinants of PPPs
lack of, 66
mobilizing, 6-8
from private sector, 2, 15, 33, 59, 150
from public sector, 6, 33, 256
risk in, 167-87. See also risk mitigation and sovereign guarantees
sources of, 7-8
Southeast Asia, 255-85. See also Southeast Asia
syndicated loans for, 109-36. See also syndicated loans for project financing
traditional procurement for. See traditional procurement
types of, 138
first best result model of PPP projects, 217-21, 226
foreign aid, determinants of PPPs and, 142-43
foreign currency, 87, 99t, 100t
foreign investment
attracting, 138, 148, 243-45, 274
breach of contracts and, 47
guaranteed fixed returns for, 244-45
institutional and regulatory framework, 139
international dispute resolution mechanisms and, 237
local opposition to PPPs because of, 308
obstacles to, 261
project hazard rates and, 59, 60f, 63
foreign ownership of land, 318
foreign ownership of service providers, 236
formation requirements for PPPs, 51-52
Futagami, Koichi, 18