Garbacik, Karl, 52
Garcia-Appendini, Emilia, 97n2
Gaspar, Raymond, 15
Gatti, Stefano, 81, 87, 97n2, 97n4, 130n4
GDP. See gross domestic product
gearing ratios
description and data sources for, 98t
descriptive statistics for mature markets, 100t
influence on bank project financing, 83, 86, 87, 89, 91-94, 101
role of equity and, 109
General Agreement on Trade in Services of WTO, 237
generalized method of moments
Gertler, Mark, 79
Global Competitiveness Report
2017-2018 (WEF), 1, 1f, 5, 256, 257f, 271, 272t
global financial crisis (2008)
decrease in PPP projects and, 144, 150-51
Kenya, 176
Philippines, 250
real fixed income returns following, 78
tariff increases and, 250
Thailand, 211
globalization, 22
GMM. See generalized method of moments approach
Godlewski, Christophe J., 111, 115, 122, 125, 130n6, 130n8
Goldsmith, Hugh, 82
governance mechanisms. See also regulatory governance in PPP performance
improving, 26
issues affecting PPP process in, 204-8, 205f, 206t, 208f
PPP investment and GDP growth, 27, 28t
project financing and, 7, 93, 97n10, 109, 118
Republic of Korea, 194
role of banks in, 111, 112, 114
role of lead arrangers in, 113, 115
success factors for PPPs and, 3
World Wide Governance Indicators of World Bank, 87, 121-22, 130n5
grant funding, 172
greenfield projects
overinvestment in, 246
risk mitigation for, 172, 172f
survival rates of, 59, 60f, 61t, 63, 64t, 66
gross domestic product (GDP)
bank project financing and, 87, 88, 92-93, 97n8
description and data sources for, 98t investment booms and, 25, 25f
PPP investments and, 27, 28-29t, 32, 32t, 34n2, 149, 201
PPP investments as percentage of, 258, 259t, 264-65, 265f
private sector investment in infrastructure as percentage of, 33
survival of PPP projects and, 63
Gupta, L.C., 142