IDA . See International Development Association
IEA. See International Energy Agency
IJGlobal, 3
implementation. See project implementation
income inequality, 18-19. See also poverty and poverty reduction
India
bank project financing in, 83-84, 84t
distribution of PPPs in Asia, 4
PPP to total infrastructure
rate of PPP participation in, 17
State Bank of India, 85
syndicated loan use in, 110, 121
tariffs in, 248
Indonesia
agencies responsible for PPPs in, 259-60
bank project financing in, 83-84, 84t
Committee for the Acceleration of Priority Infrastructure Delivery, 260
comparison with Republic of Korea and Philippines, 287-322. See also comparative review of PPP systems
currency bond markets in, 263, 264t, 269, 284n2
global competitiveness index rating for, 256-57, 257f, 272t
government support for PPPs in, 306-7, 310-11, 316-17
implementation stage of, 269, 270t
Indonesia Infrastructure Guarantee
infrastructure eligible for PPPs, 314
infrastructure gap in, 257, 264-67, 265f, 266t
infrastructure scores and ranking for, 1f, 257f
institutions, functioning of, 310
legal framework for PPPs in, 261-62, 289-90, 308, 312
National Development Planning
policy recommendations for, 283
PPP environment classification in, 287
PPP institutional frameworks in, 298-99, 299t
PPP investment in, 5, 256, 258, 259t, 264-65, 265f
PPP to total infrastructure investment ratios in, 40t
procurement regulations in, 238
procurement types in, 290, 314
renewable energy projects in, 21
risk mitigation in, 273
social infrastructure projects in, 276, 279-81, 281f
solicited project proposals in, 294-95, 295f, 309, 319
syndicated loan use in, 110
transportation investments and poverty in, 18-19
Umbulan Water Supply Project, 279-81, 281f
unsolicited project proposals in, 296, 320
inflation bank project financing and, 80, 87, 92, 97n8
description and data sources for, 98t
determinants of PPPs and, 143, 149
growth, effect on, 22
loan syndication and, 128
information and communication technology sectors
access and quality, 29, 30-31t
comparative review of, 314-15
failed PPP projects in, 49, 49f, 54
PPP projects (1985-2015), 17f as pro-poor, 277, 277f
trade flows and, 18
information asymmetry
regulatory governance in PPP
performance and, 235
syndicated loans and, 111-13, 116, 117, 122, 126, 130
InfraInfo database, 227
Infrascope (2014), 4, 53, 264, 287
infrastructure. See also specific projects and sectors
access and quality, 29-32, 30-32t
analyzing impact of, 22-24
economic growth and, 18, 21 as economic success determinant, 18-19
efficiency improvements in, 235, 247
financialization of, 78 financing for. See bank project
financing; financing for infrastructure; syndicated loans for project financing
foreign ownership of, 236
Global Competitiveness Report 2017-2018 on, 1, 1f
PPP investments vs. total investments in, 40t
Public-Private Partnerships for. See Public-Private Partnerships
social. See social infrastructure
infrastructure gap
private sector and, 236
Southeast Asia, 264-68
institutional and regulatory
framework for countries. See also specific countries
bank project financing and, 87, 93-94
comparative analysis of, 308, 310
comparative review of PPP systems, 288-90, 296-99, 297-99t, 312-13
dispute resolution and, 206-8, 207t, 208f, 236
foreign investment and, 139
infrastructure and stability of, 256, 257f
investment climate, effect on, 173 as measure of political stability, 56 as obstacle to PPPs, 5, 53
PPP investment and GDP growth, 27, 28t
readiness for PPPs and, 26, 27f, 287
social welfare and, 34 in Southeast Asia, 261-62, 282
sovereign creditworthiness based on, 170
success factors for PPPs and, 52, 64,67, 210
syndicated loans and, 109, 111, 114, 119, 121, 123, 130, 130n1
insurance, 15, 21, 174-76, 179, 273
insurance companies as investors, 269
Inter-American Development Bank, 2
interest rate levels, 80-81, 169, 175
International Country Risk Guide of PRS Group, 56, 67n1, 143, 147
International Development Association (IDA), 177-78
international dispute resolution mechanisms, 237
International Energy Agency (IEA), 277 International Monetary Fund, 34n1, 143
investment climate, 4, 173, 261, 271
investment treaties, 237
investors
confidence of, 5, 168, 236, 260
descriptive statistics on, 223-30, 224t, 229t, 231n3
incentives for, 77-78
Irwin, Timothy, 173
Ismail, Normaz Wana, 18
Ivashina, Victoria, 81